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Today, we look at the five camps of abortion belief, and the history of abortion since

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1500 before Christ, and how abortion went from not mentioned at all in the United States

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to illegal in the United States.

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And that is next.

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Hey, welcome back to the Barry Ferris Show.

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Today, we're going to look at the five camps of abortion belief, the history of abortion,

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and how abortion became illegal.

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You know, abortion was a controversy way before this 1973 decision.

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There are basically five camps.

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The first camp believes that abortion is always morally wrong, unless to prevent the death

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of the mother.

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Otherwise, this camp believes it's the taking of innocent life.

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Many in this camp believe contraception is fine, but elective abortion is morally wrong.

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The second camp believes that it's mostly morally wrong, but that when competing with

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other bad outcomes, an abortion is the lesser of two evils.

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For example, they add the rare instances of rape or incest causing a pregnancy, in addition

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to the instance of the life of the mother being at risk.

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Like the first camp, though, this second camp does believe that abortion is wrong as a means

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of birth control, family planning, sex selection, or convenience.

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The third camp believes that abortion is mostly morally okay, up to about the midpoint

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in the pregnancy.

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This camp allows for exceptions beyond rape, incest, and the life of the mother.

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For example, this camp believes abortion is acceptable after considering the mental and

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the physical condition of the birth mother, her economic situation, potential disabilities,

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and most controversially, as a backup to failed contraception.

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The fourth camp does not believe that abortion on demand is morally wrong almost all the

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time.

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This camp believes that as long as the baby is not living on its own outside of the womb,

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it's okay to abort for any reason.

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Many of the people in this camp have shifted to the second or the third camp with modern

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high-definition ultrasound technology.

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When you see the fingers moving, it affects you.

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But the believers in this camp believe abortion is not morally wrong until it's likely that

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the baby would survive outside of the womb naturally.

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The fifth camp believes that abortion is not morally wrong at all, under any circumstances.

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In fact, upon demand, abortion is good under any circumstances.

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In fact, upon the demand of the mother, it's morally right.

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This camp believes that abortion on demand solves problems like overpopulation, disability,

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and poverty, so it's good.

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This camp includes abortion at partial birth.

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Some people in this camp believe abortion on demand is morally right even immediately

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after the baby is already fully born, past partial birth.

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So these five camps have, in round numbers, explained the source of the controversy around

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abortion.

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For the most part, everyone is in one of those camps of belief when it comes to abortion.

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Abortion is not new.

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Historically, we know that abortions were performed since at least 1500 BC.

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They induced the abortion in a variety of ways, with herbs, lying on a coconut shell,

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tightening the girdle, strenuous physical activity, all kinds of things.

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Asia used a type of massage and an herbal mix to induce abortion.

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Native New Zealanders formulated a mix of herbs.

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By around 450 BC, the West used some form of pessary.

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That's a removable device.

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It's kind of like a tampon.

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They would soak it in what was allegedly an effective miscarriage-inducing herb.

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Midwives were the primary abortion clinic in ancient Greece.

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They used the herb, solithium.

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Apparently, it was very effective.

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This was really popular with the Cyrenes.

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Other concoctions of rue, egg, and dill were popular.

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You know, rue does contain some abortive compounds, according to modern scientific studies.

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So going back in time, Aristotle, the Greek philosopher who lived from 384 to 322 BC,

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thought abortion in the early days of the pregnancy was less cruel than exposing unwanted

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infants to the elements.

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He further explains his position on the procedure.

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When couples have children in excess, this is his quote, let abortion be procured before

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sense and life have begun.

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What may or may not be lawfully done in these cases depends on the question of life and

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sensation.

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In other words, Aristotle believed that up until the baby was alive and felt pain that

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abortion would be okay.

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He believed that in the early days of the pregnancy, the baby couldn't feel anything

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and wasn't really fully alive.

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And in this instance, if the family couldn't afford another kid...

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go ahead with the abortion. He would sort of be in Camp 3.

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Yet, his predecessor by a hundred years,

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Hippocrates, was clearly in the first camp.

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Now we think of the Hippocratic Oath of do

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no harm, but the actual quote

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condemns abortion. Here it is,

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I will give no deadly medicine to anyone if asked, nor suggest any such counsel,

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and in like manner I will not give to a woman a pessary to produce

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abortion. With purity and holiness

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I will pass my life and practice my

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art. So, Hippocrates believed it was wrong for a medical doctor

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to help induce abortions. Augustine, the Christian scholar, declared that

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abortion was not a homicide, but it was a sin. He was sort of in the second camp.

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Many Christian denominations today are in that second camp.

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But the man whose namesake the Lutheran Church was established, Martin Luther,

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said, and this is his quote, the God who declares that we are to be fruitful and

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multiply

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regards it as a great evil when human beings destroy their offspring.

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He also condemned the practice where women would apparently jump on another

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pregnant woman's belly to induce an abortion. Apparently those

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Germans didn't know about the herbs used years before by the Syrenes.

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John Calvin was clearly in the first camp. He wrote in his commentary

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the following, the unborn though enclosed in the womb of his mother is already

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a human being and it's almost monstrous

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of a crime to rob it of life

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which it has not yet begun to enjoy. Now

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he was on pretty solid footing. The Old Testament laid out two arguments against

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abortion.

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The first argument against abortion in the Old Testament was that life was from

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God.

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He created the life in the womb uniquely and in his image.

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The second was property. This argument was a bit complicated but it acknowledged

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that accidents happen.

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So if someone accidentally injured a woman while she was pregnant

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and that caused a miscarriage, that person

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would be required to pay a fine to help cover the cost

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and the grief of the miscarriage. You don't grieve

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for an it, you grieve for a person. So in the early centuries AD most to the West

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allowed

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for abortion before quickening. Now quickening is roughly defined

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as the first time the mother can feel the cute little baby

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kick. So this belief was that the life was not formed until somewhere between

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14 and 26 weeks

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into the pregnancy. The concept here was that God might have set things in motion

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to form some of the physical aspects of the fetus but the fetus

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was not a living breathing life with a soul

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until about midterm or about 18 to 20 weeks on average.

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So even the people of faith until

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until really about the 1800s it was not a moral problem to destroy the fetus

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for the Westerners up to the quickening. Before the quickening

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the fetus was not considered a life yet. Science had not yet proven

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that after the egg attaches to the uterus some cells become

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the placenta while others become the embryo. They had no idea that the heart

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begins beating during week

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five. They didn't know that the brain spinal cord and other

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organs are beginning to form at the same time. They had no idea that a high

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visibility picture

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at week eight shows a small but fully formed

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fetus. They had no idea that the fetus was growing and developing on its own in

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a protective womb.

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So abortion up to the time of quickening

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was viewed as no greater ethical problem up through the 1800s

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than just some form of surgery. Now at this time

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England was actually much more strict than the US.

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In England up until 1803 abortion was defined as a crime

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after quickening. So they had that same concept of quickening

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and you could get the death penalty for having an abortion past midterm.

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Before then it was allowed. In 1837 English law abolished both

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the significance of quickening weakened the definition

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and the death penalty for abortion was out the window. By the 1920s

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English law added an exception for preserving the life of the mother

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and in 1938 England expanded the life of the mother to include potential mental

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anguish. And this really broadened things. It came from a rape case of a

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poor little 14-year-old girl. So the judge argued that the continuance of the

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pregnancy

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could cause the mother to be a physical or mental wreck. Those were his words.

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And as such the jury can expand and broaden the definition of preserving the

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life of the mother.

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Now back in America abortion was common in colonial times.

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So before we were a country they used black root

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and cedar root as well as other methods. In the British colonies

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in the US abortions were legal if they were performed before

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quickening. That was the time frame when they thought life started.

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They were illegal in Spanish and Portuguese colonies

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pretty much all the time.

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The French colonies allowed abortions even though they were technically illegal, they just kind of looked the other way.

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There is evidence of legal and medical records of abortions dating all the way back into that colonial period.

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In some instances it was kept hush-hush, but that was more due to the stigma of unmarried sex.

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It was not really kept hush-hush due to the belief that you were potentially killing a child.

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As long as the abortion was performed before quickening, it was believed that the fetus was not alive yet and it was allowed.

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Now, in the United States after the Declaration of Independence, which was in 1776, as you know,

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until the mid-1800s abortion was viewed as socially unacceptable but not illegal in most states.

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During the 1860s a whole bunch of states started passing laws outlawing abortion, but they were ambiguous and pretty hard to enforce.

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After 1860, stronger laws against abortion were passed and these laws were more vigorously enforced.

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As a result, many women began utilizing underground abortion services. They were all over the place, lots of midwives.

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While England was liberalizing their abortion laws, the United States was going in the opposite direction in those 1800s.

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Theories abound on why that's the case, but the most likely answer to the question why

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is the impact of two famous preachers who crisscrossed the country and the campaign of the Catholic Church.

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The famous preacher and founder of the Methodist Church, John Wesley, emphasized spreading the gospel and renewing the church.

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Abortion itself wasn't a big public issue for him. However, he opposed slavery and he made a detailed case for the government to put a stop to it.

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He systematically and methodically, like he always did, he was a methodical Methodist, made an argument for the sacredness of human life.

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He communicated how all people are created by God and they all have equal value.

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Now Wesley died in 1791, just after we became a country and had our constitution ratified.

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But he made a powerful point that had an impact on the state legislators later.

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He argued against the libertarian notion that morals cannot be implemented at all through government.

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He largely agreed that matters of the soul should be left to preachers and the free choice of people.

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But Wesley made the case that it does help the nation to have some government guardrails to protect the innocent.

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And he argued that slaves were innocent and they needed protecting.

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This argument, along with Charles Finney, set the Catholics up for their concerted campaign

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to make a moral equivalency argument between abortion and slavery.

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They were both significant human rights violations.

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So Charles Finney comes along and he was born a year after Wesley died, so he kind of carries you through the 1800s.

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He was another real famous revival preacher that made his way across the United States.

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He died in 1875.

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Like many Protestants, he was a staunch opponent of slavery.

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He helped slaves escape in the Underground Railroad.

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And he would not serve communion to anyone who was involved in the slave trade.

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He scolded churches in the South that did not take the right position on this abundantly clear human rights issue.

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And he said that Christians who had slaves were absolutely living in sin.

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And they needed to repent and change.

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In churches that ignored the horror of slavery, he said they were complicit.

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And by their silence, they were also part of the sin of slavery.

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He said that slavery was a massive social wrong.

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It was against God's principles and the church had better change

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or the country was going to find itself in a bloody war.

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Unfortunately, he was right about the bloody war.

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But the Catholic Church took note.

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The arguments he made against slavery were absolute arguments against slavery.

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And to them, the same case could be made for the argument against abortion.

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These are innocent people and they should be protected.

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Slaves are innocent, worthy of freedom, dignity, and equal treatment.

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The lives of the unborn are the most innocent of all.

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They also deserve legal protection.

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So in the mid-1800s, the Catholics led the charge to make those abortion laws that were kind of opaque more explicit.

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An interesting partner for the Catholics in the mid-1800s was the medical profession.

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It appears that they just wanted the midwives out of the business, that the doctors wanted control.

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And they made the case that abortions were unsafe unless they were conducting them.

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Never mind that these midwives had done it for years.

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The Catholic Church allowed for this questionable partner to come along board because it added heft.

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But the Catholic Church really, they're the ones that built the logical and the spiritual case for life.

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Now their logical case kind of went like this.

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The fetus cannot be understood to be a part of the mother's body in the same way of another organ or tissue.

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The womb creates an environment for the fetus to grow and develop.

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Out, it's either a boy or a girl.

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The mom has no male genitalia.

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She doesn't have any of that to give.

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Therefore, the developing baby cannot be part of her body.

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The womb in her body is a protective place

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where both the sperm and the egg combine and develop.

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Now, they didn't know empirically like we do

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that when the sperm penetrates the egg

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that the surface of the egg changes

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so that no other sperm can enter.

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And I don't think they knew scientifically like we do

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that at that moment of fertilization,

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the baby's genetic makeup is totally complete,

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including whether it's a boy or girl,

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but they made a pretty compelling logical case.

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Now, their spiritual case started with,

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thou shalt not murder.

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The Bible defines murder as a killing for convenience.

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In other words, all killings that are not in self-defense

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or in a justified war.

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Taking the life of innocent beings qualifies.

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They continued their argument with Genesis 127,

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where God said, let us make both male and female

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in our image.

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And they noted that it's the only special creation event

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where God identifies himself as us.

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In other words, all the other creation events are important,

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but this is the one where we, the Trinity,

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engage in creating people.

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It's special.

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And it always results in a boy or a girl

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created in God's image.

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They continued with Psalm 139,

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where we're told that God fashions each child

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together in the womb.

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And in Jeremiah, where we find that God actually knows us

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before we're born.

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And that makes sense since God's all knowing.

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And that validates that there's someone to know.

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It's a person.

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Then the Catholic Church demonstrated

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in many places in scripture,

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where God is against the shedding of innocent blood.

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And that since God's the giver of life,

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we should not intervene, especially with the innocent.

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The campaign by the Catholic Church

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was a very effective campaign.

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And by 1910, abortion was illegal in all of the USA

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with only one exception, to save the life of the mother.

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But there was a counterforce developing.

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This is how abortions became illegal in the first place.

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But next time, we're gonna look at how the stage was set

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for abortion to become legal

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in the whole United States by 1973.

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Until then, to your freedom.

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Hi, I'm David Farah.

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Thank you for listening to my dad's podcast,

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The Barry Farah Show, Culture Shift.

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Click subscribe now to be sure you don't miss an episode.

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